Origin
Ancient religion that originated in india
It gave importance on spiritual purity
Enlightenment through non violence
Lord mahavira
Known as the founder of jainism
He formalized the philosphy of jainism
Later their chief disciples known as ‘ganadharas’ composed all jain scriptures
Tirthankara
Spritual teachers of jainism
‘jina’ means ‘victor’
Rare individuals who got victory over the cycles of death and rebirth
Biographies of tirthankaras were written by bhadrabahu in his book ‘kalpsutra’
Kalyanak
Five major events celebrated by jains known as kalyanak
Which are based on major life events of a tirthankara
- Garbha kalyanak– when tirthankara’s soul gets departed from previous life and arrived in new mother’s womb.
- Janma kalyanak– event of birth of tirthankara’s soul.
- Disha kalyanak– event when tirthankara’s soul becomes a monk and give up worldly life.
- Kevalgyan kalyanak– event when a tirthankara gets spiritual knowledge and preaches about the purification and liberation of soul.
- nirvana kalyanak– event when tirthankara’s soul leave the physical world and become siddha.
| S. No. | Tirthankara name | Symbol |
| 1 | Rishabhnatha | Bull |
| 2 | Ajitanatha | Elephant |
| 3 | Sambhavanatha | Horse |
| 4 | Abhinandananatha | Monkey |
| 5 | Sumatinatha | Goose |
| 6 | Padamaprabha | Lotus |
| 7 | Suparshvanatha | Swastika |
| 8 | Chandraprabha | Moon |
| 9 | Pushpadanta | Crocodile |
| 10 | Shitalanatha | Kalpavriksha |
| 11 | Shreyansanatha | Rhinoceros |
| 12 | Vasupujya | Buffalo |
| 13 | Vimalanatha | Boar |
| 14 | Anantanatha | Porcupine |
| 15 | Dharmanatha | Vajra |
| 16 | Shantinatha | Deer |
| 17 | Kunthunatha | Goat |
| 18 | Aranatha | Fish |
| 19 | Mallinatha | Kalasha |
| 20 | Munisuvrata | Tortoise |
| 21 | Naminatha | Blue water lily |
| 22 | Neminatha | Shankha |
| 23 | Parshvanatha | Snake |
| 24 | Mahavira | Lion |
Facts about jainism
Lord mahavira
Birth – 540 bc kundgram (bihar)
Nirvana- 468 bc (pavapuri)
Father’s name – siddharth
Mother’s name – trishla
Wife’s name – yashoda
Daughter’s name – anojja
Son in law – jamali
Childhood name – vardhman
Got enlightment at jimbhrika village near rijupalika river
Gave his first preaching at rajgriha
Beliefs of jainism
Believed in non existence of god
Absolute knowledge is known as ‘kewalya gyan’
Most important principle is non violence
The famous principle of jainism is ‘syadwad’
Jainism got his spritual thoughts from sankhya darshan
To achieve nirvana, it is compulsory to follow ‘tri ratna’
Tri-ratna of jainism
Samyak darshan
Samyak gyan
Samyak acharan
Five great vows (mahavrat) of jainism
Ahimsa
Satyavachan
Asteya
Aparigriha
Brahmcharya
Sanlekhna
Method to achieve nirvana by give up their food till death
Jain parishads–
First jain parishad was organised at patliputra in 322 bc
Second jain parishad was organised at vallbhi gujrat in 522 ad
Sects of jainism
In first jain parishad jainism had divided into two branches-
Shwetambar (wears white clothes)
Digambar (belives all directions as their clothes so they remain naked)
Jain temples
Khajurahoo jain temples were made by chandel rulers
Bahubali (gometeshwar) statue of sravanbelgola is made in 10th by gang dynasty