Slave Dynasty (Ghulam Dynasty, Mamluk Dynasty) | Indian history [short notes for UPSC]

QUTBUDDIN AIBAK (1206 AD-1210 AD)-

  • MOHAMMAD GAURI APPOINTED QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK AS THE GOVERNOR OF DELHI.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK GOT THE THRONE IN 1206 AD AT LAHORE.
  • GULAM DYNASTY WAS ESTABLISHED BY QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK IN 1206 aD AFTER THE DEATH OF MOHAMMAD GAURI.
  • GAYASUDDIN MEHMOOD FREED QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK MARRIED WITH THE DAUGHTER OF YALDUJ.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK ALSO KNOWN AS LAKH BAKSH, AND HATIM-II.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK CONSTRUCTED KUVVTUL ISLAM MASJID and ADAI DIN KA JHOPDA.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK MARRIED HIS SISTER WITH NASRUDDIN KUBACHA.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER WITH ILTUMISH.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK GOT THE APPROVAL AS SULTAN OF DELHI IN 1208 AD.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK WAS THE PATRON OF HASAN NIZAMI, AND FAKH-I-MUDDAVIR.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK STARTED THE CONSTRUCTION OF QUTUB MINAR IN THE MEMORY OF SHEIKH KHWAJA QUTTUBUDIN BAKHTIYAR KAKI.
  • BAKHTIYAR KHILJI WAS THE ASSISTANT COMMANDER OF QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK.
  • BAKHTIYAR KHILJI DESTROYED THE UNIVERSITY OF NALANDA.
  • QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK DIED IN LAHORE DURING PLAYING POLO.
  • QUTBUDDIN AIBAK WAS CREMENATED AT LAHORE.

ARAM SHAH (DECEMBER 1210 AD- JUNE 1211 AD)-

  • ARAM SHAH WAS THE SON AND THE SUCESSOR OF QUTBUDDIN AIBAK.
  • HE RULED DELHI ONLY FOR 8 MONTHS.
  • ARAMSHAH WAS ASSASINATED BY ILLTUTMISH.

ILTUTMISH (1211 AD-1236 AD)-

  • ILTUTMISH GOT THE THRONE IN 1211 AD.
  • HE WAS THE SLAVE OF QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK, AND ILBARI-TURK OF TURKEY.
  • HIS FULL NAME WAS SUMSHUDDIN ILTUTMISH.
  • BEFORE HE BECAME SULTAN HE WAS the GOVERNER OF BADAIYUN.
  • HE CONSTITUTED GULAM CHALISA (GROUP OF 40 SLAVES).
  • HE DEFEATED YALDUJ IN BATTLE OF TARINE IN 1215 AD.
  • HE GOT THE ACCEPTANCE AS THE SULTAN FROM THE KHALIFA OF BAGHDAD IN 1299 AD.
  • HE ASSUMED THE TITLE OF NASIR-AMIR-UL-MOMIN.
  • HE ISSUED THE PURE ARABIAN COIN.
  • IQTA SYSTEM WAS STARTED BY ILTUTMISH.
  • HE SHIFTED HIS CAPITAL FROM LAHORE TO DELHI.
  • HE GOT THE CREDIT TO BUILD 1ST EVER TOMB.
  • HE CONSTRUCTED A MOSQUE IN AJMER.
  • GENGHIS KHAN INVADED INDIA IN 1211 AD DURNG THE REIGN OF ILTUTMISH.
  • ILTUMISH SUCESSFULLY DEFENDED THE INVASION OF GENGHIS KHAN.
  • ILTUTMISH DIED IN 1236 AD.

RUKNUDDIN FIRUZ (APRIL/MAY 1236 AD- NOVEMBER 1236 AD)-

  • ILTUTMISH CHOSE RUKNUDDIN FIRUZ AS HIS SUCESSOR.
  • RUKNUDDIN’S MOTHER SHAH TURKAN TOOK CONTROL OF STATE AFFAIRS DURING HIS REIGN.
  • A REVOLT OCCURRED DURING THE REIGN OF RUKNUDDIN DUE TO THE ATROCITIES OF SHAH TURKAN ON THE PEOPLE.

RAZIA SULTAN (1236 AD-1240 AD)-

  • RAZIA SULTAN GOT THE THRONE IN 1236 AD.
  • SHE WAS THE FIRST TURKISH WOMAN RULER OF DELHI SULTANATE.
  • SHE APPOINTED ALTUNIA AS AN IQTEDAR OF TAWAR HIND (BHATINDA).
  • SHE MARRIED ALTUNIA.
  • NOBLES DETHRONED RAZIA SULTAN, AND GAVE THE THRONE TO BEHRAM SHAH.
  • RAZIA SULTAN WAS ASSASINATED BY BEHRAM SHAH BY SOME ROBBERS AT KAITHAL.

BEHRAM SHAH (MAY 1240 AD- MAY 1242 AD)-

  • NOBLES DETHRONED RAZIA SULTAN, AND GAVE THE THRONE TO BEHRAM SHAH.
  • TO REDUCE THE POWER OF SULTAN THE NOBLES CREATED A NEW POST NAYAB, AND APPOINTED ETHAGIN AS 1ST NAYAB.
  • BEHRAM SHAH WAS ASSASINATED BY TURKISH NOBLES.

ALAUDDDIN MASOOD SHAH (MAY 1242 AD- JUNE 1246 AD)-

  • ALAUDDDIN MASOOD SHAH WAS THE successOR OF BEHRAM SHAH.
  • HE APPOINTED BALBAN AS ‘AMIR-E-HAJIB’.
  • HE DIED IN JUNE 1246 AD.

NASRUDDIN MEHMUD SHAH (1246 AD- 1266 AD)-

  • NASRUDDIN MEHMUD DETHRONED ALAUDDDIN MASOOD SHAH AND BECAME THE SULTAN OF DELHI WITH THE HELP OF BALBAN IN 1246 AD.
  • NASRUDDIN GAVE FULL CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATION TO BALBAN.
  • NASRUDDIN GAVE THE TITLE OF ‘ULUG KHA’ TO BALBAN.
  • BALBAN MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER WITH NASRUDDIN.
  • BALBAN MADE A PEACE SETTLEMENT IN 1259 AD WITH MONGOL LEADER HALAKU.

BALBAN (1266 AD- 1287 AD)-

  • BALBAN BECAME THE SUCESSOR OF NASRUDDIN IN 1265 AD AFTER his DEATH.
  • HIS FULL NAME WAS GAISUDDIN BALBAN, AND HE BELONGS TO ILWARI COMMUNITY.
  • BALBAN WORKED AS AMIR-E-SHIKAR DURING THE REIGN OF RAZIA SULTAN.
  • HE DISMISSED THE GROUP OF 40 TURKISH NOBLES WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED BY ILTUTMISH.
  • THE CAPITAL OF BENGAL LAKHNAUTI WAS KNOWN AS THE REVOLT CITY DURING THE REIGN OF BALBAN.
  • BALBAN DECLARED THAT HE WAS THE DECENDANT OF ‘AFRASIYAB DYNASTY’.
  • BALBAN DIED IN 1286 AD DUE TO THE SHOCK OF HIS ELDER SON’S (MOHAMMAD) DEATH.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF BALBAN-

  • HE RECOSTRUCTED THE FRONTIER FORTS FOR DEFENCE PURPOSE.
  • HE MADE COMPULSORY THE SYSTEM OF SIJDA AND PABOS.
  • HE STARTED THE PERSIAN FESTIVAL NAVROZ.
  • HE ADOPTED BLOOD AND IRON POLICY.
  • HE DECORATED HIS ROYAL COURT WITH IRANIAN STYLE.
  • HIS RULING WAS BASED ON QURAN.
  • HE RETIRED AND GAVE PENSION TO INELIGIBLE AND OLD ARMY PERSONALS.
  • HE PAID CASH SALARY TO HIS ARMY.
  • AMIR KHUSRO, AMIR HASAN AND MAULANA HAMMIDUDDIN MUTRIZ RESIDED IN THE COURT OF BALBAN.
  • HE HAD A FAIR JUDICIAL SYSTEM.

KAIKUBAAD (1287 AD- 1290 AD)-

  • KAIKUBAAD WAS THE SUCESSOR OF BALBAN.
  • JALALUDDIN FIRUZ KHILJI WAS HIS NON TURKISH ARMY COMMANDER.
  • KAIKUBAAD DIED DUE TO PARALYSIS.

*SHAMSUDDIN KAYUMERS (FEBRUARY 1290 AD- JUNE 1290 AD) WAS THE LAST RULER OF SLAVE DYNASTY.